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Handbook and Protocols

Traditionally, doctors and nurses train independently, but evidence suggests that improved team performance can be achieved through interdisciplinary team training. Patient simulation using computerised manikins to recreate realistic clinical scenarios has been advocated as a safe and effective way in which health care teams can be trained together.

Following the purchase of a ‘Sim-man’ simulator, and the development of the Waikato Clinical Skills Centre in 2003, the Waikato Intensive Care Unit has had an ongoing scenario based education program.

This education takes the form of 8-16 targeted full-day educational sessions held per year. All medical and nursing staff are encouraged to participate.

These days have a strong multi-disciplinary focus. The education is conducted by senior consultant medical staff, and charge nurses.

Targeted objectives include:

  1. Understanding how ‘human factors’ effect team and individual performance
  2. A team-work based approach to intubation
  3. A systematic approach to the dislodged ETT
  4. A systematic approach to elevated intra-cranial pressure
  5. The management of de-compensating arrhythmias

The format of the individual days are structured to suit the experience and background of the participants, with part--task skills training; teaching of crisis resource management and team-working with demonstrations, case discussions and games; and ‘full immersion’ simulations all employed as teaching techniques.

All scenarios are video-debriefed and debriefing targets both technical and (often more importantly) non-technical aspects of performance. Non-technical rating scales are employed to help assist in the debriefing.

Feedback of the teaching day has been universally positive.

In addition to the structured educational day, ongoing active simulation research is prominent within the department with Dr Frengley having been allocated the ANZCA 2007 simulation/education study grant for his impending study entitled "An intervention to improve management of medical emergencies by intensive care teams".